Predicting the presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) using behavioural and cognitive signals is a highly non-trivial task. The heterogeneous clinical profile of MDD means that any given speech, facial expression and/or observed cognitive pattern may be associated with a unique combination of depressive symptoms. Conventional discriminative machine learning models potentially lack the complexity to robustly model this heterogeneity. Bayesian networks, however, may instead be well-suited to such a scenario. These networks are probabilistic graphical models that efficiently describe the joint probability distribution over a set of random variables by explicitly capturing their conditional dependencies. This framework provides further advantages over standard discriminative modelling by offering the possibility to incorporate expert opinion in the graphical structure of the models, generating explainable model predictions, informing about the uncertainty of predictions, and naturally handling missing data. In this study, we apply a Bayesian framework to capture the relationships between depression, depression symptoms, and features derived from speech, facial expression and cognitive game data collected at thymia.

Transfer learning uses a data model, trained to make predictions or inferences on data from one population, to make reliable predictions or inferences on data from another population. Most existing transfer learning approaches are based on fine-tuning pre-trained neural network models, and fail to provide crucial uncertainty quantification. We develop a statistical framework for model predictions based on transfer learning, called RECaST. The primary mechanism is a Cauchy random effect that recalibrates a source model to a target population; we mathematically and empirically demonstrate the validity of our RECaST approach for transfer learning between linear models, in the sense that prediction sets will achieve their nominal stated coverage, and we numerically illustrate the method's robustness to asymptotic approximations for nonlinear models. Whereas many existing techniques are built on particular source models, RECaST is agnostic to the choice of source model. For example, our RECaST transfer learning approach can be applied to a continuous or discrete data model with linear or logistic regression, deep neural network architectures, etc. Furthermore, RECaST provides uncertainty quantification for predictions, which is mostly absent in the literature. We examine our method's performance in a simulation study and in an application to real hospital data.

由于其对人类生命，运输，粮食生产和能源管理的高度影响，因此在科学上研究了预测天气的问题。目前的运营预测模型基于物理学，并使用超级计算机来模拟大气预测，提前预测数小时和日期。更好的基于物理的预测需要改进模型本身，这可能是一个实质性的科学挑战，以及潜在的分辨率的改进，可以计算令人望而却步。基于神经网络的新出现的天气模型代表天气预报的范式转变：模型学习来自数据的所需变换，而不是依赖于手工编码的物理，并计算效率。然而，对于神经模型，每个额外的辐射时间都会构成大量挑战，因为它需要捕获更大的空间环境并增加预测的不确定性。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个神经网络，能够提前十二小时的大规模降水预测，并且从相同的大气状态开始，该模型能够比最先进的基于物理的模型更高的技能HRRR和HREF目前在美国大陆运营。可解释性分析加强了模型学会模拟先进物理原则的观察。这些结果代表了建立与神经网络有效预测的新范式的实质性步骤。